Destructive disorders can develop in any section of the spine, but the high load on the lower back of the back following the direct forces of a person determines the appearance of the changes in this segment.Osteocondrosis is accompanied by pain in the lower back.Only a doctor can correctly determine the symptoms and treatment of pathology.In therapy, medicinal and physical exercises are used, in advanced phases, surgery may be necessary.As added to the main treatment, the use of popular remedies is allowed.
What is osteochondrosis
With osteochondrosis, a pathological change begins - with an octopal nucleus of intervertebral discs with a gradual transition to the tissue of a fibrous ring.It weakens, cannot resist a growing load, due to which a partial movement begins and therefore complete with the disc from its physiological position.This happens when fibrous fibers do not resist pressure and breakage.
While the structure of the disc is destroyed, the destruction of neighboring fabrics is progressing.The involvement of the closest vertebrae, the joints and ligaments begins in the pathological process.Any vertebra has a spongy substance from the inside and a compact external bone outline consisting of record.The external layer provides hardness and allows you to resist heavy loads.The vertebra also has a red bone marrow responsible for the amathopoiesis.
For a long time, with osteochondrosis, complex vascular and biochemical changes occur.Bone tissue is constantly changing: some cells are destroyed, new ones come to their place.Normally, with constant load, the formation of longer and solid cells is stimulated.Therefore, with excessive overloads, the predominance of dense tissue is formed.
The causes of the pathology
The characteristics of modern life and a strong decrease in human motor activity lead to a weakening of muscle fibers and a decrease in their tone.In an average person, the back during the day is mainly a bent position, which leads to the excessive effort of the flexion muscles.This factor is considered the main of the provocative degenerative changes.
There are several theories on the origin of the osteocondrosis:
- Involction.The etiology of the disease is the wear of the discs.This is particularly facilitated by a sedentary lifestyle and the presence of bad habits.
- Muscle.The violations in the structure of the spine are due to the underdevelopment or the weakening of the muscle back of the back or constant muscle cramps, as well as inflammatory processes in them and the binding apparatus.It is believed that the stereotype of the muscle movement created incorrectly leads to degeneration.It contributes to the constant excessive overload of the involution of the cartilage and other structures of the spine.
- Autoimmune.The process of destruction of intervertebral vertebrae and discs develops according to the same scheme of rheumatoid arthritis.This hypothesis is considered close to the truth, since biochemical disorders for collagenous are very similar to changes in the discs of the discs, leading to a deterioration of the fabrics and dystrophy.
The influence of the pathology of the internal organs has also been demonstrated, as well as the presence of constant microtrauma in the development of osteochdrosis.
There is a theory on a person's hereditary predisposition to this disorder;Some doctors say that violations are sometimes caused by a change in metabolic processes and in the deviation in the work of internal secretion.
In many patients with pronounced disorders, chronic outbreaks of the infection are certain.
In relation to slow progression, osteochondosis is said to develop under the influence of different etiological moments simultaneously.
Development mechanism
All the symptoms that are characteristic of a dystrophic disorder in the lumbar region can be divided into two large groups: internal (spinal) and extravertitria.
The latter are divided into reflection and compression.Depending on the seriousness of the injury and the presence of complications, four phases of the disease are distinguished:
- The fibrous ring under the influence of excess loads and other factors begins to change the structure: the cracks are formed on it.The substance of the nucleus of the jacket penetrates them.Reflected reactions occur due to the irritation of the innervo nerve fibers the periosteum, the binding apparatus, the fibrous ring.His irritation occurs due to pressure when a hernia, local edema or inflammation is formed.This violation leads to the appearance of vasomotor or dystrophic changes.As a result, a person suffers from serious, permanent or shot pain.The disorders reflected in chronic osteochondrosis in the lumbar segment lead to the development of lumbago and lumbalgia.And myofascial pain lead to limiting movements.Radicolopathy acts as compression syndrome, which more often accompanies damage to the lumbosacral segment.
- The progression of the pathology leads to an increase in the prolapse of the intervertebral disc with its penetration in the epidural region.The vertebrae draw together and exert a different pressure on the nerve roots.It can be expressed in constant irritation or serious compression.These manifestations mark the second stage with the development of the record -breaking root.Very often, such a phenomenon is observed from the fourth lumbar to the first sacred vertebra.
- This phase is characterized by a continuation of the pressure of the Nearnia on the nervous and vascular bundle.This ends with the appearance of paresis or paralysis in the extensor muscle of the foot.At the same time, pain syndrome decreases or disappears.
- With the latest degree, the flow of blood and the innervation of the spinal cord are disturbed by the appearance of disscuential myelopathy.The changes become stable and are scarcely lent to the adaptation of the drug.
Clinical symptoms and syndromes
The manifestations of degenerative deviations in the lower back are manifested by the pain of various intensity and durability.In addition, a person feels fatigue, who increases by the end of the day, sleeps badly and becomes irritable.Initially, the symptoms pass or reduce after a night rest or remain in a horizontal position, but then painful sensations are observed in the morning.For this reason, the patient is forced to reduce his physical activity.
The problems of the lumbar region lead to the irritation and inflammation of the nerve endings, including the unnerving organs of the pelvis.Therefore, with advanced pathology, urination is compromised, there are problems in the work of the internal genital organs.In men, impotence develops in this context.
The irradiation of pain and compromised sensitivity concerns the lower ends.The patient observes a burning sensation and "crawling of goosebumps", the skin on the legs becomes pale, dry and detached.
The osteochondrosis of the lumbar spinal column manifests itself from different syndromes, whose degree of manifestation varies in various patients.
Koreshka
The pain in this case occurs due to the injury of the roots, it is acute, located in the area of the damage and goes to the area of the lower part of the leg, buttocks, hips and feet.To reduce unpleasant sensations, a person changes the usual pace and tilts towards the back of the violation.The pain is accompanied by sweating, which is replaced by chills, intensifies when trying to move abruptly after a state of rest.
Due to a decrease in muscle tone and their gradual atrophy, it becomes impossible to carry out ordinary work.In an advanced phase, the paralysis of the limb develops, the violation of the work of the internal organs in the basin.
Ischemic
Osteocondrosis is accompanied by damage not only to nerve endings in the lumbar region, but also to blood vessels.Their compression leads to spasm, which becomes constant as it worsens.Clinically, this phenomenon manifests itself in the form of intermittent chroma.
The lack of nutrients and oxygen occurs in the organs of the pelvis.This even more aggravates the problems of urination, defecation and power.
Pain
The aspect of pain is the first sign of osteochondosis.Its intensity depends on the degree of damage.Initially, the pain is short of nature, disappearing after rest, but from the beginning of the disease it is long and sore.The aggravation of the pathology leads to the appearance of sharp fires with radiation in the leg, groin, buttocks.
In an advanced phase, suffering is caused not only by physical effort, but also by a cough or sneezing.In the lumbar region, muscle hardening is palpated, which are found in a constant spastic state.
Vertebrate
With constant pain, innervation and blood supply, a significant deformation occurs.The decomposition is evident not only in the field of the pathological process, the architecture of the spine is interrupted.The muscle tone decreases, pelvis and pelvic inclination occur.The pace changes, becomes uncertain.Gradually, a renovation of the entire musculoskeletal system occurs.
Complications of the osteochondrosis
If it is not the disorder in the early stages, the complications are gradually developed, many of which significantly reduce the quality of life and even reduce their mandate.A neglected dystrophic process leads to the following violations:
- muscle weakness, atrophy and asthenia;
- violation of urination and defecation (incontinence);
- the development of a serious deformation of the spine in men in hard physical work and women during pregnancy;
- violation of power in men;
- reduced blood flow and the development of ischemia;
- Professor and hernia of the intervertebral disc;
- spondylartosis (growth of stiletto processes);
- Parents of the foot;
- spondylosis.
An important point if we consider the lumbar osteochondrosis clinic is the presence of reflected pain.The injection of nerve beams leads to the irritation of the internal (visceral) organs, causing pain and functional of the function in them.This explains the development of events such as difficulty in breathing, arrhythmias, intestines that accompany the pathology of the spine.
Treatment methods
For the treatment of osteochondosis of the lumbar column, various methods are used.
Drug
The drugs for the treatment of the disease are fans.They allow you to simultaneously eliminate the inflammation process and reduce pain syndrome.It is recommended simultaneously with drugs for internal use, local therapy with ointments and gels with anti -inflammatory effects.Very often the sodium diclofenac is used, Ibuprofen in tablets or capsules.Sometimes, with anti -inflammatory drugs intolerance, analgesics are used.
With severe pain, local blocks are held with novocaine or lidocaine.In some cases, with the inflammation pronounced simultaneously during the paravertebral block, glucocorticoids are used with novocaine.This allows you to influence the afferent conductivity and normalizes the reflected activity of the overlying parts of the nervous system.
A good result in muscle spasm is shown by central muscle relaxants, a typical representative of this class is Midokalm.These drugs are combined with anti -inflammatory non -sterile, improving the effect of anesthesia and the restoration of the whole movement.
An additional treatment with medicines includes sedatives and drugs to normalize the work of the nervous system.For this, sometimes it is recommended to take antidepressants, antipsychotics or tranquilizers.
The vitamin complexes that include group B, vitamin D and calcium help to improve nervous conductivity and metabolic processes.To restore the structure of the cartilage, the prolonged use of chondroprotectors is used.
Physiotherapy
Modern physiotherapy techniques are an integral part of the success of the treatment of osteochondosis of the lumbar column.These include:
- The use of currents of various frequency and intensity.Typically, a current effect is used with a force up to 100 but, amplipulse (modulated currents), darsonvalization, electrophoresis with analgesic substance and proteolytic enzymes.Methods can improve blood circulation in the damage area, restore metabolic processes, increase blood flow and deliver the drug directly to the point of application.
- Use of the laser.Its exposure reduces the activity of inflammation and pain and, if directed to the paraples, allows to restore the structure of the intervertebral discs.
- UFO.With the help of irradiation by the ultraviolet, heating is carried out, the production of vitamin D and the optimization of calcium metabolism.
- Magnetotherapy.It consists in the use of an induction magnet to restore the regenerative processes at the level of cellular structures.
- Balnetherapy.It provides the use of curative water and mud.To this end, the patient is recommended to take common and local bathrooms, conduct applications and compressed.
Physiotherapy and massage
An important connection in the treatment is physical education.Its implementation is mandatory, but the selection of movements should be made by a specialist.The lessons allow to restore muscle tone, strengthen their fibers, expand the volume of movements in the spine.To obtain a positive result, some rules must be observed:
- Exercises cannot be performed if they cause excessive pain or stress;You should start training under the control of an operating therapy instructor;
- Physical education must be carried out regularly, only in this condition will the formation of a muscle corset be verified;
- Do not make movements abruptly and too fast, it is usually recommended an average or slow rhythm;
- Gymnastics is not carried out with exacerbation of any disease;
- In case of deterioration, it is necessary to stop the exercise immediately and consult a specialist.
It is better to select exercises that are performed in the position of lying and standing on four legs.It is useful to extend the spine, download the print and back.For such a patient, a good rehabilitation method after an exacerbation of osteochondrosis will be a visit to the pool.
Massage is also an effective method of osteochondrosis therapy in the lumbar segment.
An expert specialist will help improve metabolic processes and microcirculation in the violation area, alleviate muscle tension.The use of massage in the acute period is extended, in the presence of serious irreversible deformations, open wounds, rashes or burns on the skin.
Surgery
In the absence of the results of the complex conservative therapy, only the use of the radical treatment method remains.It consists in conducting an operation on the spine to eliminate the compression of the nerve roots and the maximum possible restoration of the mobility of the spine or stabilize the segment concerned.
The indications for the operation are:
- Development of inter -back hernia seized;
- strong pain, which is not stopped by the use of medicines and blocks;
- Full drop in the disc with the development of caudal syndrome and ischemia;
- The emergence of signs of radicalomiloichemia.
Very often, the patient is carried out through micro -deceptomy, when the bone tissue maintains its integrity and the rehabilitation process requires a short period of time.
There are other intervention methods:
- endoscopic nucleotomy;
- disk laser vaporization;
- Nucleoplasty of the plasma disk.
Scientists around the world are developing for the implementation of prostheses that replace intervertebral discs.This will allow you to rehabilitate the patient after surgery and reduce the probability of disability.
The use of traditional medicine
Together with the use of drugs, folk methods are used to treat pain in the lower part of the lower back.They cannot replace the therapy full of osteochondrosis, but to allow remission to reach remission in complex therapy:
- At home, it is convenient to use radish or horseradish as it compresses.They should be cut on a grater, add a little sour cream at home and apply to the lesion.
- It is possible to pour boiling water on a load leaf and attach to the lumbar region.Cross it at the top with a scarf down and keep an hour.
- Bodyaga powder, diluted 1:30 with vegetable oil, helps well.From the mixture, you get a large compress of heating, which should be maintained for an hour.
- It is useful to rub the lower back with liquid honey.But this should be done correctly to obtain a powerful bloodstroke in the sore point.
- To remove pain in the lumbar, ointment is used.For production, it is necessary to take equal shares of ghee, camphor oil and cascade powder on horseback.After an in -depth mixing, the product is smeared on pieces of rye bread and applied to the sore point.
Before using any popular remedy, you need to consult a doctor.
Disease prevention
To prevent the development of lumbar osteocondrosis and the renewal of remission, the prevention rules should be followed:
- avoid hypothermia;
- Do not raise heavy objects (the maximum eligible load for a woman is 5 kg, for a man - 10 kg);
- Daily execution exercises that allow us to strengthen muscle corset and printing;
- With a prolonged session work, take regular breaks and warm up;
- while walking always monitor your posture;
- regularly sanitize possible sources of chronic infection;
- Eat correctly and prevent overweight;
- Walk at a moderate rhythm as long as possible;
- Visit a group of dance, engage in swimming, walk sports, avoid sudden movements and strong jumps.
It is completely impossible to take care of osteochondrosis, since the changes that take place in the spine are irreversible, but modern help methods help to restore the patient's quality of life for a long time.